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Objective@#To research the change of PR interval shortening in ECG examination in different periods of pregnancy.@*Methods@#From March 2016 to August 2016, 616 pregnant women who underwent maternity examinations in the Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo were selected in this study.According to the different gestational periods, they were divided into the early pregnancy group (198 cases), the mid-pregnancy group (232 cases) and the late pregnancy group (186 cases). And another 241 non-pregnant women who underwent health examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as controls.All pregnant and non-pregnant women were examined by electrocardiogram, and the results of electrocardiogram were analyzed.The average heart rate, the average PR interval and the shortened ratio of PR interval were compared between the two groups of women and women with different pregnancy periods, and the short PR interval distribution of women in different pregnancy periods was observed.@*Results@#The average heart rate level, PR interval and PR interval shortening ratio of pregnant women and non-pregnant women were (76.55±7.81)times/min, (0.096±0.008)s, 12.66% and (72.56±6.49)times/min, (0.138±0.014)s, 4.98%, respectively.The average heart rate and the shortening ratio of PR interval in pregnant women were significantly higher than those in non-pregnant women, while the average PR interval in pregnant women was significantly lower than that in non-pregnant women, the differences were statistically significant (t=7.565, χ2=10.879, t=52.672, all P<0.05). With the increase of pregnancy cycle, the shorter the average heart rate and PR interval of pregnant women, the shorter the average PR interval.The average heart rate, PR interval and PR interval shortening ratio in the early pregnancy group, the mid-pregnancy group and the late pregnancy group were (75.41±6.65)times/min, (0.103±0.010)s, 8.59% and (77.03±7.12)times/min, (0.095±0.009)s, 11.21% and (79.74±8.43)times/min, (0.088±0.008)s, 18.82%, respectively.There were statistically significant differences among the three groups(t=16.720, 116.440, χ2=9.791, all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Pregnancy women are prone to have shorten PR interval, and its incidence increases with the increase of pregnancy cycle, but in most cases belongs to benign electrophysiological changes, and the prognosis is good without special treatment.It is of great significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment to reduce the outcome of bad pregnancy by observing the shortening of the PR interval of electrocardiogram during the pregnancy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To research the change of PR interval shortening in ECG examination in different periods of pregnancy.Methods From March 2016 to August 2016,616 pregnant women who underwent maternity examinations in the Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo were selected in this study.According to the different gestational periods, they were divided into the early pregnancy group ( 198 cases ), the mid -pregnancy group (232 cases) and the late pregnancy group (186 cases).And another 241 non -pregnant women who underwent health examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as controls .All pregnant and non -pregnant women were examined by electrocardiogram ,and the results of electrocardiogram were analyzed.The average heart rate,the average PR interval and the shortened ratio of PR interval were compared between the two groups of women and women with different pregnancy periods ,and the short PR interval distribution of women in different pregnancy periods was observed.Results The average heart rate level ,PR interval and PR interval shortening ratio of pregnant women and non -pregnant women were (76.55 ±7.81) times／min,(0.096 ±0.008) s,12.66% and (72.56 ± 6.49)times／min,(0.138 ±0.014) s,4.98%,respectively.The average heart rate and the shortening ratio of PR interval in pregnant women were significantly higher than those in non -pregnant women, while the average PR interval in pregnant women was significantly lower than that in non -pregnant women,the differences were statistically significant (t＝7.565,χ2 ＝10.879,t＝52.672,all P＜0.05).With the increase of pregnancy cycle ,the shorter the average heart rate and PR interval of pregnant women ,the shorter the average PR interval.The average heart rate,PR interval and PR interval shortening ratio in the early pregnancy group , the mid -pregnancy group and the late pregnancy group were (75.41 ±6.65) times／min,(0.103 ±0.010) s,8.59% and (77.03 ±7.12) times／min, (0.095 ±0.009)s,11.21%and (79.74 ±8.43) times／min,(0.088 ±0.008) s,18.82%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences among the three groups ( t ＝16.720, 116.440, χ2 ＝9.791, all P ＜0.05 ). Conclusion Pregnancy women are prone to have shorten PR interval ,and its incidence increases with the increase of pregnancy cycle,but in most cases belongs to benign electrophysiological changes ,and the prognosis is good without special treatment.It is of great significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment to reduce the outcome of bad pregnancy by observing the shortening of the PR interval of electrocardiogram during the pregnancy .
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BACKGROUND:The mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 10 exerts effects on the osteoclasts by in vitro mouse cranium experiment, OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of recombinant mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 10 (CPN10) on the differentiation of osteoclasts in the in vitro culture system that induces osteoclast differentiation. METHODHuman macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent adhesive blood mononuclear cells were divided into four groupreceptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)+CPN10 (1 mg/L), RANKL, CPN10 (1 mg/L), and negative control (complete culture medium). Monocytes were resuspended in a-MEM medium containing macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and were cultured in each group for 7, 14, 21 days. The morphology, quantity and bone resorption area of osteoclasts were examined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The expressions of NFATc1 and c-Fos gene and protein were also detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In negative control group, no TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts generated, while in the other groups, TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts differentiated and formed the lacunae in the smal bone grinding. The number of osteoclasts formation and resorption in CPN10 group were significantly lower than that in RANKL+CPN10 group. The expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos in the negative control group C was significantly lower than that of RANKL+CPN10 group and CPN10 group. However, CPN10 expressed NFATc1 and c-Fos protein, which was significantly lower than RANKL+CPN10 group. CPN10 is involved in the formation of osteoclasts, and the mechanism is related with the upregulation of NFATc1, c-Fos expression.
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BACKGROUND:Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 10 (r-Mt cpn10) is one of the main factors that cause bone tuberculosis dissolution and absorption as wel as inhibits the proliferation of osteoblasts. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand and osteoprotegerin are the important factors influencing bone metabolism. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of r-Mt cpn10 on human osteoblast proliferation, alkaline phosphatase secretion, expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand mRNA and osteoprotegerin mRNA. METHODS:Human bone marrow stromal cel s were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, and osteoblasts at passage 3 were cultured with various concentrations of r-Mt cpn10 (0.1, 1, 10 mg/L). Osteoblasts cultured without r-Mt CPN10 were assigned as controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:MTT assay results showed that, compared with control group, r-Mt cpn10 at different concentrations inhibited osteoblast proliferation and alkaline phosphatase secretion (P<0.05). RT-PCR analysis showed that, r-Mt cpn10 at different concentrations increased receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand mRNA expression (P<0.01), and inhibited osteoprotegerin mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.01). 10 mg/L r-Mt cpn10 exhibited the strongest effect (P<0.01). The r-Mt cpn10 can inhibit osteoblast proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity, and it may influence bone metabolism by regulating the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand mRNA and osteoprotegerin mRNA.